springboot：05-自动配置源码分析

1. springboot启动类加载

首先加载springBoot启动类注入到spring容器中beanDefinitionMap中，看下prepareContext方法中的load方法：load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
跟进该方法最终会执行BeanDefinitionLoader的load方法：

private int load(Object source) {
    Assert.notNull(source, "Source must not be null");
    //如果是class类型，启用注解类型
    if (source instanceof Class<?>) {
        return load((Class<?>) source);
    }
    //如果是resource类型，启用xml解析
    if (source instanceof Resource) {
        return load((Resource) source);
    }
    //如果是package类型，启用扫描包，例如：@ComponentScan
    if (source instanceof Package) {
        return load((Package) source);
    }
    //如果是字符串类型，直接加载
    if (source instanceof CharSequence) {
        return load((CharSequence) source);
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid source type " + source.getClass());
}

继续跟进load(Class<?> source)方法：

上述方法判断启动类中是否包含@component注解，可我们的启动类并没有该注解。继续跟进会发现，AnnotationUtils判断是否包含该注解是通过递归实现，注解上的注解若包含指定类型也是可以的。

启动类中包含@SpringBootApplication注解，进一步查找到@SpringBootConfiguration注解，然后查找到@Component注解，最后会查找到@Component注解：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {
}

在查找到@Component注解后，表面该对象为spring bean，然后会将其信息包装成 beanDefinitaion ，添加到容器的 beanDefinitionMap中。如下：

如此一来，我们的启动类就被包装成AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition了，后续启动类的处理都基于该对象了。

2. @EnableAutoConfiguration

@SpringBootApplication注解中包含了自动配置的入口注解：

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {}

我们跟进去看看**@EnableAutoConfiguration**

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@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

2.1 @AutoConfigurationPackage

自动配置包注解

1 2	@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class) public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}

@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)：默认将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication)所在的包及其子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器中。如下

@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
         //默认将会扫描@SpringBootApplication标注的主配置类所在的包及其子包下所有组件
        register(registry, new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName());
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
        return Collections.<Object>singleton(new PackageImport(metadata));
    }
}

2.2 @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector：导入哪些组件的选择器，将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回，这些组件就会被添加到容器中。

//EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的父类：AutoConfigurationImportSelector
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
    if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
        return NO_IMPORTS;
    }
    try {
        AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
            .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
        AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
        configurations = sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
        Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
        fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
}

我们主要看第11行List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);会给容器中注入众多的自动配置类（xxxAutoConfiguration），就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件，并配置好这些组件。获取这些组件后，还要过滤一下这些组件，我们跟进去看看

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
    List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
    //...
    return configurations;
}

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
    return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
}

public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
    String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
    try {
        //从类路径的META-INF/spring.factories中加载所有默认的自动配置类
        Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                                 ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
        while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
            URL url = urls.nextElement();
            Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
            //获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的所有值,也就是EnableAutoConfiguration.class的值
            String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
            result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
        }
        return result;
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() + "] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
    }
}

SpringBoot启动的时候从类路径下的 META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值，并将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中，自动配置类就会生效，最后完成自动配置工作。EnableAutoConfiguration默认在spring-boot-autoconfigure这个包中，如下图

最终有96个自动配置类被加载并注册进Spring容器中

我们也可以将需要自动配置的Bean写入这个文件

3. 自定义starter

首先定义一个配置类模块：

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "enabled.autoConfituration", matchIfMissing = true)
public class MyAutoConfiguration {

    static {
        System.out.println("myAutoConfiguration init...");
    }

    @Bean
    public SimpleBean simpleBean(){
        return new SimpleBean();
    }

}